N.A. Ice Map
The Ice Age and Origins of the Humber Watershed
Toronto, Ontario

Introduction

Overview of the
Humber River


Global and Continental Glaciation

Land Form Development in North America

Geological History
of the Great Lakes


Development of the
Oak Ridges Moraine


Geology of the
Humber River Watershed


Ecology & Recreation

Early Inhabitants

Maps of the
Humber River Watershed


Photo Gallery - Humber River Watershed
Global glaciation

A Map of Global Ice Coverage in the Last Ice Age

Introduction

The world around us is dynamic and always undergoing change, some obvious such as volcanic activity, massive avalanches and flooding. The vast majority of these events are silent, albeit significant. Continental drift, plate tectonics, El Nino events and climatic change although slow in evolution by the human clock, have profound effects on the planet as well as on mankind.

One of the most intriguing events is that of Global Glaciation whether this be in the Northern or Southern hemisphere.

Most, of Canada and a vast extent of northern United States owes its geography to glacial and post glacial activity superimposed on mountainous terrain or flatlands.

The planet has seen several Ice Ages.The last Ice Age, the "Wisconsin" lasted ten thousand years from 14,000 yrs to 4,000 years . The polar regions of our planet are still under the ice and snow blankets of the last "Ice Age".

Eskers, Drumlins, Roche Moutons, Moulins, Kettle lakes, Ice block ridges and bedrock striae are all part of a glacial signature.

Southern Ontario is a geographic archive of all of these glacial artifacts. The Humber watershed is a physical canvas on which these many glacial features are on display. In fact, its headwaters have their main source in the most prominent and important glacial features of central southern Ontario..... The Oak Ridges Terminal Moraine.

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